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Review Article

Low-Cost Battery Management Architecture for Rural Off-Grid PV Systems

Jellapelly Satheesh1 Pittala Nevanth Sai Vignesh2 Bejugam Shiva Teja3 Kanaka Ranitha4

1 2 3 4 UG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Holy Mary Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Published Online: January-April 2026

Pages: 05-08

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Abstract

Renewable energy systems, especially photovoltaic (PV) installations, offer a \communities. However, the high cost and limited reliability of battery management systems (BMS) remain critical barriers. This article proposes a low-cost battery management architecture specifically designed for rural off-grid PV applications. The architecture integrates affordable sensing, control algorithms, and modular design principles to enhance battery longevity, safety, and overall energy reliability. To contextualize the design, 10 detailed literature reviews are presented, each analysing contemporary research in PV battery management. The findings highlight technological trends, economic constraints, and practical implementation challenges in rural settings. A comprehensive discussion evaluates the advantages, limitations, and potential socio-economic impact of the proposed architecture. The article concludes by outlining future research directions and deployment strategies to advance energy access in under served communities.

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References

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  • 2. L. Zhao, J. Chen, “Low-Cost Sensor Integration in Battery Management Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no.

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  • 4. J. Martins, H. Silva, “Battery Health Diagnostics Using Pulse Testing,” International Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 18, pp. 58–76, 2021.

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  • 6. T. Nguyen, “Embedded Control Algorithms for PV Energy Optimization,” Solar Energy, vol. 98, pp. 331–342, 2022.

  • 7. P. Lopez, K. Wong, “Communication Protocols for Remote BMS Monitoring,” Wireless Networks Journal, vol. 29, pp. 1234–1250, 2023.

  • 8. B. Mensah et al., “Field Implementations of Off-Grid PV Systems,” Energy for Sustainable Development, vol. 60, pp. 89–101, 2024.

  • 9. R. Das, J. Banerjee, “Economic Analysis of Low-Cost Battery Management,” Journal of Sustainable Energy Economics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp.

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  • 10. H. Okoro, E. Smith, “Environmental and Social Impacts of Rural PV Systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 136, 2024.

Citations

Jellapelly Satheesh, Pittala Nevanth Sai Vignesh, Bejugam Shiva Teja, Kanaka Ranitha, “Low-Cost Battery Management Architecture for Rural Off-Grid PV Systems”, Indian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Volume 03, Issue 01, January-April 2026, PP: 05-08.

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Licensing

© 2026 The Author(s). Published by Fifth Dimension Research Publication.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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